Run 2026-11-06-0855-sonnet
Research analytics: the base data
claude:sonnet
read
48 questions
started 2026-11-06 08:55
commit b4ebd07
done
Accuracy
| Condition | Repeats | Accuracy | 95% interval |
|---|---|---|---|
R8 csv+axioms | 5 | 97% | 92–100% |
R9 csv+axioms+markdown | 5 | 98% | 93–100% |
Question by question
One mark per repeat; hover for the grader's reason, click a question for every answer to it.
| Question | R8 csv+axioms | R9 csv+axioms+markdown |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 How many distinct people do the author records named "Mara Ellison", "M. Ellison" and "Ellison, Mara J." stand for? | ❌❌❌❌❌ | ❌❌❌❌❌ |
| Q2 List every work, of any type, that Mara Ellison (A01) is an author of. | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q3 Is the Jonas Brandt who wrote W37 the same person as the Jonas Brandt who wrote W38? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q4 How many research works has the Jonas Brandt of Albury Metropolitan University (A05) authored? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q5 Is the M. Ellison who wrote W08 the same person as the Mara Ellison who wrote W01? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q6 Which author has the most research works credited to the University of Albury, its units included? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q7 How many research works has Mara Ellison authored? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q8 What is the ultimate parent of the Tessel Laboratory for Ocean Sensing (I04)? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q9 How many research works is the University of Albury (I02) credited with, its units included? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q10 How many research works is the Albury University System (I01) credited with, all its units included? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q11 How many research works is Kesting University (I07) credited with, its units included? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q12 How many research works did Kesting University (I07, units included) publish in 2024, under full counting and under fractional counting (each work split equally among its authors)? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q13 In 2024, which had more research works, Kesting University (I07) or Rostval Technical University (I09): under full counting, and under fractional counting? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q14 How many research works did GB institutions publish in 2024, under full counting and under fractional counting (each work split equally among its authors, each author's share going to their institution's country)? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q15 How many research works appeared in Ocean Sensing Letters (S02) in 2024? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q16 How many research works appeared in the Journal of Marine Autonomy (S01)? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q17 Which of Mara Ellison's works are not research output because of their document type? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q18 How many distinct research works has Priya Ramanathan (A07) authored? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q19 How many distinct works cite "Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar", in either of its versions? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q20 Which works in the data are preprints of another work that is also in the data? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q21 How many research works is Oskel Polytechnic (I14) credited with? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q22 Which has more citations, W30 or W31 (counting both versions of each): in total, and within its publication year and the two years after? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q23 How many citations has W30 received in total, and how many within its publication year and the two years after? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q24 How many research works has Lena Vossberg (A09) authored? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q25 What is the total of the citation counts of Lena Vossberg's research works? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q26 Does W23 count towards Kesting University's research output? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q27 Which other institution's works cite Kesting University's research works the most, each citing work counted once per institution, and how many of its works do? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q28 How many distinct works from Rostval Technical University (I09) cite Kesting University's research works? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q29 Of the works citing "Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar" (either version), how many are self-citations at the level of authors, of the University of Albury (units included), and of countries? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q30 Of the works citing "Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar" (either version), how many are self-citations at the level of the Albury University System? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q31 Which works cite at least one of the works that cite W01? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q32 How many distinct works are within two citation hops of W01 (citing it, or citing a work that cites it)? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q33 Which of Kesting University's research works has the most citations? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q34 How many research works was Kesting University (units included) credited with in 2025? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q35 How many research works is the Kesting Institute of Hydrodynamics (I08) credited with? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q36 How many research works appeared in the Proceedings of the Hydrodynamics Forum (S06)? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q37 Which institution is W70 credited to? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q38 Which institutions is W71 credited to, at every level? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q39 How many of the University of Albury's research works (units included) appeared in a source of the highest tier? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q40 Which source is in the highest tier? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q41 Is Coastal Engineering Review (S03) in a higher tier than Ocean Sensing Letters (S02)? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q42 How many research works appeared in Global Marine Science Reports (S04)? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q43 Is W07 research output? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q44 Which institutions are part of the Albury University System, at any level below it? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q45 How many research works is the Halloran Institute for Coastal Studies (I06) credited with? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q46 What is the ultimate parent of the Halloran Institute for Coastal Studies (I06)? | ✅✅✅✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
| Q47 Why do Kesting University and Rostval Technical University swap places in 2024 between full and fractional counting? | 🟡🟡🟡🟡✅ | ✅✅✅🟡✅ |
| Q48 Why is W70 not one of the University of Albury's research works, though its author lists the Tessel Laboratory? | 🟡✅🟡✅✅ | ✅✅✅✅✅ |
The prompts
R8 csv+axioms (39431 characters)
<!-- system: You answer questions about a research-analytics dataset of works, authors, institutions, sources and citations. Use only the data you are given and what it tells you about its own meaning. If a question is ambiguous, or the data cannot settle it, say so. Be concise. -->
## The data
### institutions.csv
```csv
institution_id,name,ror,country,type,parent_id
I01,Albury University System,0hygr4985,GB,SYS,
I02,University of Albury,06safhw22,GB,UNI,I01
I03,Albury Centre for Marine Robotics,06a9yq342,GB,LAB,I02
I04,Tessel Laboratory for Ocean Sensing,0002ezf81,GB,LAB,I03
I05,Albury Metropolitan University,0ww7kxb57,GB,UNI,I01
I06,Halloran Institute for Coastal Studies,0175f3924,GB,AFF,I02
I07,Kesting University,0593t4875,DE,UNI,
I08,Kesting Institute of Hydrodynamics,0brjdg570,DE,LAB,I07
I09,Rostval Technical University,0k8rh7879,NL,UNI,
I10,Marrow Instruments BV,0t3x83535,NL,CO,
I11,Brevin Ocean Agency,0wvack776,FR,GOV,
I12,Université de Lorvain,091pt9775,FR,UNI,
I13,Dunmore College,095cwy722,GB,UNI,
I14,Oskel Polytechnic,06t6n5818,NL,UNI,
I15,Carrow State University,0v91gp428,US,UNI,
I16,Hoshimine Institute of Technology,06afa6f88,JP,UNI,
I17,Université de Mallois,0pshcv029,CA,UNI,
I18,Universidad de Ventolera,0ay9jr885,ES,UNI,
```
### authors.csv
```csv
author_id,name,orcid
A01,Mara Ellison,0000-0002-9841-6229
A02,M. Ellison,0000-0002-9841-6229
A03,"Ellison, Mara J.",0000-0002-9841-6229
A04,M. Ellison,0000-0004-8662-8360
A05,Jonas Brandt,0000-0001-6105-5008
A06,Jonas Brandt,0000-0007-5475-1779
A07,Priya Ramanathan,0000-0009-2298-3695
A08,Tomasz Wierzba,0000-0007-9318-6032
A09,Lena Vossberg,0000-0000-8073-7028
A10,Dirk Hallmann,0000-0003-8222-6468
A11,Sofie de Raat,0000-0006-1642-5247
A12,Pieter Maas,0000-0007-6472-5877
A13,Claire Fontanet,0000-0001-8841-3301
A14,Hugo Marchetti,0000-0007-5682-0525
A15,Aisha Okonjo,0000-0008-9831-9489
A16,Rhys Calloway,
A17,Ingrid Solberg,0000-0003-9494-8214
A18,Bram Kuipers,0000-0001-6210-5218
A19,Femke Hoogeveen,0000-0005-4914-5244
A20,Joost Verhaar,0000-0001-0646-0013
A21,Petra Lindqvist,0000-0000-4118-9557
A22,Niamh Corrigan,0000-0009-9065-9397
A30,Ana Aranda,0000-0006-1584-6450
A31,Ben Fujimura,0000-0006-0454-1465
A32,Chiara Kincaid,0000-0009-0853-8012
A33,Daichi Pruitt,0000-0009-1102-8594
A34,Elif Esposito,0000-0000-6925-6663
A35,Felipe Jaramillo,0000-0006-3228-0886
A36,Grace Olmedo,0000-0004-2300-4876
A37,Haruto Dorsey,0000-0004-5291-2808
A38,Ines Ishida,0000-0004-5850-0370
A39,Julien Nakagawa,0000-0003-8265-3845
A40,Kai Carver,0000-0003-5577-8794
A41,Lucia Hartwell,0000-0003-2627-0586
A42,Mateo Morrow,0000-0000-2145-8421
A43,Noor Beaulieu,0000-0000-8394-9066
A44,Oscar Galvez,0000-0008-8281-1265
A45,Paula Lefebvre,0000-0008-4409-3244
```
### sources.csv
```csv
source_id,name,issn,type,tier
S01,Journal of Marine Autonomy,9866-3925,JOU,K3
S02,Ocean Sensing Letters,3195-4973,JOU,K2
S03,Coastal Engineering Review,1154-9679,JOU,K1
S04,Global Marine Science Reports,8864-5325,JOU,K0
S05,OceanArXiv,,REP,
S06,Proceedings of the Hydrodynamics Forum,9804-2748,JOU,K2
S07,Journal of Estuarine Dynamics,1483-2835,JOU,K2
S08,Hydrology Notes,9832-2482,JOU,K1
```
### works.csv
```csv
work_id,title,year,type,source_id,doi,version_of,is_retracted,record_source
W01,Adaptive path planning for underwater gliders,2021,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2021.1465,,false,FEED
W02,Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar,2022,PPR,S05,10.55555/s05.2022.2911,W03,false,FEED
W03,Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar,2023,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2023.9437,,false,FEED
W04,Editorial: a new decade of marine autonomy,2023,EDT,S01,10.55555/s01.2023.1032,,false,FEED
W05,Erratum: Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar,2024,ERR,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.7136,,false,FEED
W06,Shoreline change detection from glider transects,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.2042,,false,FEED
W07,Low-cost sonar arrays for coastal monitoring,2020,ART,S04,10.55555/s04.2020.7029,,false,FEED
W08,Turbulent wake modelling behind tidal turbines,2025,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2025.5958,,false,FEED
W09,Issue information,2023,PTX,S01,10.55555/s01.2023.4542,,false,FEED
W10,Front matter,2024,PTX,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.9718,,false,FEED
W12,Sonar mosaics from glider fleets,2024,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.3526,,false,CRIS
W13,Fleet coordination for survey gliders,2024,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2024.5065,,false,FEED
W14,Harbour mapping with autonomous surface vessels,2025,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2025.3072,,false,FEED
W15,Low-cost sonar: a review,2025,REV,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.2741,,false,FEED
W16,Sonar-based wake detection,2025,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.6345,,false,FEED
W17,Acoustic positioning near the shore,2024,SUP,S06,10.55555/s06.2024.8939,,false,FEED
W18,Comparing sonar odometry methods,2022,PPR,S05,10.55555/s05.2022.2759,,false,FEED
W19,Glider-borne turbidity sensing,2025,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.2198,,false,CRIS
W20,Bed shear stress under breaking waves,2024,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2024.7245,,false,FEED
W21,A field campaign on tidal mixing,2024,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.5301,,false,FEED
W22,Turbulence closures for coastal models: a review,2024,REV,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.5939,,false,FEED
W23,Anomalous dissipation in estuarine plumes,2023,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2023.2925,,true,FEED
W24,Vortex shedding in shallow channels,2025,SUP,S06,10.55555/s06.2025.6698,,false,FEED
W27,Sensor fusion for moored buoys,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.8772,,false,FEED
W28,Calibration drift in conductivity sensors,2024,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.9171,,false,FEED
W29,Open hardware for ocean observation: a review,2024,REV,S01,10.55555/s01.2024.2981,,false,FEED
W30,Tidal stream resource maps for the Dunmore coast,2019,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2019.9502,,false,FEED
W31,Machine-learned tidal forecasts,2023,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2023.5047,,false,FEED
W32,Wave-current interaction over sandbars,2025,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2025.8470,,false,FEED
W33,Mixing efficiency in stratified tidal flows,2025,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.6654,,false,FEED
W34,Evaluating turbulence closures against flume data,2025,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2025.2352,,false,FEED
W35,Sediment resuspension by storms: a review,2025,REV,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.2131,,false,FEED
W36,Shear and mixing in a macrotidal estuary,2025,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2025.2439,,false,FEED
W37,Port traffic and seabed disturbance,2022,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2022.9107,,false,FEED
W38,Seagrass mapping from aerial imagery,2023,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2023.6112,,false,FEED
W39,Replicating dissipation estimates in plumes,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.5346,,false,FEED
W40,Energy budgets for long-range gliders,2022,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2022.4703,,false,FEED
W41,Path planning under uncertain currents,2023,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2023.3758,,false,FEED
W42,Machine-learned tidal forecasts,2023,PPR,S05,10.55555/s05.2023.6876,W31,false,FEED
W50,Battery ageing in autonomous platforms,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.6324,,false,FEED
W51,Benchmarks for marine path planners,2024,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.8087,,false,FEED
W52,Route optimisation for ocean drones,2025,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2025.9294,,false,FEED
W60,Remote sensing of dune erosion,2020,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2020.8236,,false,FEED
W61,Uncertainty in marsh accretion estimates,2022,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2022.2930,,false,FEED
W62,Seasonal variability in dune erosion,2023,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2023.5393,,false,FEED
W63,Seasonal variability in sediment flux,2024,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2024.8504,,false,FEED
W64,Remote sensing of internal waves,2025,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2025.7711,,false,FEED
W65,Observations of dune erosion,2024,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2024.6414,,false,FEED
W66,Remote sensing of wave runup,2025,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2025.5131,,false,FEED
W67,Seasonal variability in tidal asymmetry,2023,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2023.1192,,false,FEED
W70,Optical backscatter in turbid estuaries,2023,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2023.6434,,false,FEED
W71,Low-power optical sensors for gliders,2024,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2024.6287,,false,FEED
W72,Integrating optical sensors on survey gliders,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.9080,,false,FEED
W73,Saltmarsh retreat on the Halloran shore,2022,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2022.7603,,false,CRIS
W74,Coastal squeeze and managed realignment: a review,2023,REV,S01,10.55555/s01.2023.6139,,false,FEED
W75,Rip currents at tourist beaches,2023,ART,S04,10.55555/s04.2023.3895,,false,FEED
W76,Foreword to the Forum proceedings,2025,EDT,S06,10.55555/s06.2025.4219,,false,FEED
W90,Sediment transport in tidal inlets,2025,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.8585,,false,STG
W91,Closure models for wave boundary layers,2025,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2025.4607,,false,STG
W92,Coastal turbulence: a review,2025,REV,S03,10.55555/s03.2025.6710,,false,STG
W101,Long-term trends in estuarine salinity,2019,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.4427,,false,FEED
W102,Long-term trends in dune erosion,2023,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2023.1186,,false,FEED
W103,A model of harbour seiches,2020,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2020.2380,,false,FEED
W104,Remote sensing of wave runup,2019,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2019.6591,,false,FEED
W105,Seasonal variability in harbour seiches,2021,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2021.9028,,false,FEED
W106,Seasonal variability in harbour seiches: a review,2022,REV,S07,10.55555/s07.2022.7552,,false,FEED
W107,Observations of marsh accretion: a review,2019,REV,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.9349,,false,FEED
W108,Seasonal variability in tidal asymmetry,2021,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2021.9650,,false,FEED
W109,A model of river plumes,2019,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2019.5434,,false,FEED
W110,Editorial: beach profiles,2021,EDT,S07,10.55555/s07.2021.3358,,false,FEED
W111,Observations of storm surge,2025,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2025.5383,,false,FEED
W112,Observations of tidal asymmetry,2020,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2020.9946,,false,FEED
W113,Seasonal variability in coastal upwelling,2021,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2021.6316,,false,FEED
W114,Observations of estuarine salinity,2019,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.1460,,false,FEED
W115,Remote sensing of internal waves: a review,2025,REV,S08,10.55555/s08.2025.4950,,false,FEED
W116,A model of coastal upwelling,2022,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2022.6950,,false,FEED
W117,Uncertainty in beach profiles estimates,2024,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2024.4202,,false,FEED
W118,Long-term trends in internal waves,2025,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2025.4335,,false,FEED
W119,A model of internal waves,2019,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.1156,,false,FEED
W120,Remote sensing of tidal asymmetry: a review,2021,REV,S07,10.55555/s07.2021.6881,,false,FEED
W121,Long-term trends in internal waves,2024,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2024.8676,,false,FEED
W122,Observations of storm surge,2025,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2025.1686,,false,FEED
W123,Editorial: river plumes,2023,EDT,S08,10.55555/s08.2023.3508,,false,FEED
W124,A model of coastal upwelling,2019,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.2165,,false,FEED
W125,Remote sensing of sediment flux,2024,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2024.4906,,false,FEED
```
### authorships.csv
```csv
work_id,author_id,author_position,institution_id,affil_seq
W01,A01,1,I02,1
W01,A07,2,I03,1
W02,A02,1,I02,1
W02,A07,2,I03,1
W03,A03,1,I02,1
W03,A07,2,I03,1
W04,A01,1,I02,1
W05,A01,1,I02,1
W05,A07,2,I03,1
W06,A01,1,I02,1
W06,A15,2,I13,1
W07,A02,1,I02,1
W08,A04,1,I07,1
W12,A01,1,I02,1
W12,A16,2,I05,1
W13,A07,1,I03,1
W14,A05,1,I05,1
W15,A15,1,I13,1
W16,A04,1,I07,1
W17,A13,1,I11,1
W18,A11,1,I09,1
W19,A02,1,I02,1
W20,A09,1,I07,1
W20,A13,2,I11,1
W21,A10,1,I08,1
W21,A09,2,I07,1
W21,A11,3,I09,1
W21,A12,4,I10,1
W22,A09,1,I07,1
W23,A09,1,I07,1
W24,A10,1,I08,1
W27,A18,1,I09,1
W27,A13,2,I11,1
W27,A14,3,I12,1
W27,A17,4,I14,1
W28,A19,1,I09,1
W28,A15,2,I13,1
W28,A16,3,I05,1
W28,A06,4,I12,1
W29,A20,1,I09,1
W29,A16,2,I05,1
W29,A15,3,I13,1
W29,A13,4,I11,1
W30,A15,1,I13,1
W31,A17,1,I14,1
W32,A11,1,I09,1
W32,A18,2,I09,1
W32,A19,3,I09,1
W32,A20,4,I09,1
W33,A14,1,I12,1
W34,A06,1,I12,1
W35,A14,1,I12,1
W36,A13,1,I11,1
W37,A05,1,I05,1
W38,A06,1,I12,1
W39,A17,1,I14,1
W40,A11,1,I09,1
W41,A14,1,I12,1
W42,A17,1,I14,1
W50,A17,1,I14,1
W51,A12,1,I10,1
W52,A13,1,I11,1
W60,A34,1,I15,1
W61,A38,1,I15,1
W61,A35,2,I16,1
W62,A34,1,I15,1
W62,A38,2,I15,1
W63,A33,1,I18,1
W63,A34,2,I15,1
W63,A44,3,I17,1
W64,A40,1,I17,1
W65,A36,1,I17,1
W65,A45,2,I18,1
W65,A35,3,I16,1
W66,A38,1,I15,1
W67,A45,1,I18,1
W67,A35,2,I16,1
W70,A08,1,I04,1
W70,A08,1,I06,2
W71,A08,1,I06,1
W71,A08,1,I04,2
W72,A08,1,I04,1
W72,A07,2,I03,1
W73,A08,1,I06,1
W74,A22,1,I06,1
W75,A15,1,I13,1
W90,A21,1,I07,1
W91,A21,1,I07,1
W92,A21,1,I07,1
W101,A30,1,I15,1
W101,A42,2,I15,1
W102,A36,1,I17,1
W102,A38,2,I15,1
W102,A42,3,I15,1
W103,A35,1,I16,1
W103,A41,2,I18,1
W103,A34,3,I15,1
W104,A37,1,I18,1
W104,A44,2,I17,1
W104,A45,3,I18,1
W105,A31,1,I16,1
W105,A40,2,I17,1
W106,A38,1,I15,1
W106,A45,2,I18,1
W107,A32,1,I17,1
W107,A43,2,I16,1
W108,A35,1,I16,1
W108,A42,2,I15,1
W108,A34,3,I15,1
W109,A36,1,I17,1
W109,A42,2,I15,1
W109,A43,3,I16,1
W110,A34,1,I15,1
W111,A34,1,I15,1
W112,A45,1,I18,1
W112,A44,2,I17,1
W113,A43,1,I16,1
W113,A32,2,I17,1
W114,A38,1,I15,1
W114,A35,2,I16,1
W114,A42,3,I15,1
W115,A35,1,I16,1
W116,A44,1,I17,1
W116,A43,2,I16,1
W117,A36,1,I17,1
W118,A35,1,I16,1
W119,A41,1,I18,1
W119,A36,2,I17,1
W120,A37,1,I18,1
W121,A32,1,I17,1
W121,A37,2,I18,1
W122,A32,1,I17,1
W123,A45,1,I18,1
W123,A38,2,I15,1
W123,A30,3,I15,1
W124,A31,1,I16,1
W125,A37,1,I18,1
W125,A36,2,I17,1
```
### citations.csv
```csv
citing_work_id,cited_work_id
W12,W03
W13,W03
W14,W03
W15,W02
W15,W03
W16,W03
W17,W03
W18,W02
W32,W20
W33,W21
W34,W22
W35,W20
W36,W20
W36,W21
W39,W23
W40,W01
W41,W01
W50,W40
W51,W40
W51,W41
W52,W41
W60,W30
W61,W30
W62,W30
W62,W31
W63,W30
W64,W30
W65,W31
W66,W31
W67,W42
W90,W22
W90,W41
W91,W22
W92,W22
W103,W60
W103,W101
W104,W101
W105,W60
W106,W61
W106,W104
W107,W101
W107,W104
W108,W60
W108,W101
W108,W104
W109,W101
W109,W104
W110,W60
W111,W64
W111,W104
W111,W107
W113,W110
W114,W104
W115,W114
W116,W104
W118,W66
W118,W106
W119,W109
W119,W114
W120,W108
W120,W112
W121,W112
W121,W113
W123,W60
W123,W101
W124,W101
W124,W107
W124,W114
W125,W61
W125,W105
W125,W108
```
### ontology.ttl, without its definitions (the vocabulary the data uses)
The codes in the CSV files are the skos:notation values of the concepts below.
```turtle
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix res: <https://example.org/research/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
res:Author a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Author" .
res:Authorship a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Authorship" .
res:Citation a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Citation" .
res:Institution a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Institution" .
res:Source a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Source" .
res:Work a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Work" .
res:affiliationSeq a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "affiliation sequence" .
res:author a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "author" .
res:authorPosition a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "author position" .
res:citedWork a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "cited work" .
res:citingWork a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "citing work" .
res:country a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "country" .
res:doi a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "DOI" .
res:institution a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "institution" .
res:institutionType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "institution type" .
res:issn a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "ISSN" .
res:itype-AFF a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Affiliated institute" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "AFF" ;
skos:prefLabel "Affiliated institute" .
res:itype-CO a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Company" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "CO" ;
skos:prefLabel "Company" .
res:itype-GOV a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Government body" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "GOV" ;
skos:prefLabel "Government body" .
res:itype-LAB a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Lab or centre" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "LAB" ;
skos:prefLabel "Laboratory, centre or institute" .
res:itype-SYS a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "University system" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "SYS" ;
skos:prefLabel "University system" .
res:itype-UNI a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "University" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "UNI" ;
skos:prefLabel "University" .
res:name a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "name" .
res:ontology a owl:Ontology ;
rdfs:label "Research analytics: a teaching ontology" ;
owl:versionInfo "0.1" .
res:orcid a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "ORCID" .
res:origin-CRIS a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Institutional system" ;
skos:inScheme res:RecordSources ;
skos:notation "CRIS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Institutional research information system" .
res:origin-FEED a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Bibliographic feed" ;
skos:inScheme res:RecordSources ;
skos:notation "FEED" ;
skos:prefLabel "Bibliographic feed" .
res:origin-STG a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Staging" ;
skos:inScheme res:RecordSources ;
skos:notation "STG" ;
skos:prefLabel "Staging load" .
res:parent a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "parent" .
res:recordSource a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "record source" .
res:retracted a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "retracted" .
res:ror a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "ROR ID" .
res:source a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "source" .
res:sourceType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "source type" .
res:stype-JOU a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Journal" ;
skos:inScheme res:SourceTypes ;
skos:notation "JOU" ;
skos:prefLabel "Journal" .
res:stype-REP a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Repository" ;
skos:inScheme res:SourceTypes ;
skos:notation "REP" ;
skos:prefLabel "Repository" .
res:tier a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "tier" .
res:tier-K0 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Delisted" ;
skos:inScheme res:Tiers ;
skos:notation "K0" ;
skos:prefLabel "Delisted source" .
res:tier-K1 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Tier K1" ;
skos:inScheme res:Tiers ;
skos:notation "K1" ;
skos:prefLabel "Tier K1, the lowest" .
res:tier-K2 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Tier K2" ;
skos:inScheme res:Tiers ;
skos:notation "K2" ;
skos:prefLabel "Tier K2, the middle" .
res:tier-K3 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Tier K3" ;
skos:inScheme res:Tiers ;
skos:notation "K3" ;
skos:prefLabel "Tier K3, the highest" .
res:title a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "title" .
res:versionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "version of" .
res:work a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "work" .
res:workType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "work type" .
res:wtype-ART a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Article" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "ART" ;
skos:prefLabel "Research article" .
res:wtype-EDT a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Editorial" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "EDT" ;
skos:prefLabel "Editorial" .
res:wtype-ERR a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Erratum" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "ERR" ;
skos:prefLabel "Erratum" .
res:wtype-PPR a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Preprint" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "PPR" ;
skos:prefLabel "Preprint" .
res:wtype-PTX a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Paratext" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "PTX" ;
skos:prefLabel "Paratext" .
res:wtype-REV a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Review" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "REV" ;
skos:prefLabel "Review article" .
res:wtype-SUP a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Supplement article" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "SUP" ;
skos:prefLabel "Supplement article" .
res:year a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "publication year" .
res:SourceTypes a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Source types" .
res:RecordSources a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Record sources" .
res:Tiers a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Journal tiers" .
res:InstitutionTypes a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Institution types" .
res:WorkTypes a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Work types" .
```
### axioms.ttl (OWL axioms and SHACL rules over the vocabulary)
```turtle
@prefix res: <https://example.org/research/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
<https://example.org/research/axioms> a owl:Ontology ;
rdfs:label "Research analytics: axioms and rules" ;
owl:imports <https://example.org/research/ontology> ;
sh:declare [ sh:prefix "res" ; sh:namespace "https://example.org/research/"^^xsd:anyURI ] .
# === Classes and properties =================================================================
res:Work a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Work" .
res:Author a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Author" ; owl:hasKey ( res:orcid ) .
res:Institution a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Institution" .
res:Source a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Source" .
res:Authorship a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Authorship" .
res:Citation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Citation" .
[ a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( res:Work res:Author res:Institution res:Source res:Authorship res:Citation ) ] .
res:name a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string .
res:ror a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution .
res:country a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range xsd:string .
res:institutionType a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:parent a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range res:Institution ;
rdfs:comment "as the record gives it; see res:unitOf" .
res:orcid a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Author ; rdfs:range xsd:string .
res:issn a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Source .
res:sourceType a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Source ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:tier a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Source ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:title a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work .
res:year a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range xsd:gYear .
res:workType a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:source a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Source .
res:doi a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work .
res:versionOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Work .
res:retracted a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean .
res:recordSource a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:work a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range res:Work .
res:author a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range res:Author .
res:authorPosition a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range xsd:integer .
res:institution a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range res:Institution .
res:affiliationSeq a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range xsd:integer .
res:citingWork a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Citation ; rdfs:range res:Work .
res:citedWork a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Citation ; rdfs:range res:Work .
# Derived by the rules below.
res:samePersonAs a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:sameAs ;
rdfs:domain res:Author ; rdfs:range res:Author .
res:countsAs a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Work ;
rdfs:label "the work this record counts as: its published version, or itself" .
res:unitOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range res:Institution ;
rdfs:label "a unit of, to any depth" .
res:countsTowards a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:ReflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range res:Institution ;
rdfs:label "an institution's works also count towards: itself and every institution it is a unit of" .
res:ultimateParent a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range res:Institution .
res:creditedInstitution a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Institution ;
rdfs:label "an institution credited on the work, its units' parents included" .
res:creditedCountry a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range xsd:string .
res:hasPerson a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Author ;
rdfs:label "an author record on the work (any of its records), one per person: the person's lowest record ID" .
res:cites a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Work ;
rdfs:label "a citation that counts, between the works the records count as" .
res:tierRank a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain skos:Concept ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
rdfs:label "a tier's rank, 1 the highest" .
# === Codes as classes =======================================================================
res:TestRecord owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:recordSource ; owl:hasValue res:origin-STG ] .
res:ResearchType owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( res:wtype-ART res:wtype-REV res:wtype-SUP res:wtype-PPR ) ] .
res:DelistedSource owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:tier ; owl:hasValue res:tier-K0 ] .
res:RetractedWork owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:retracted ; owl:hasValue true ] .
res:MergedPreprint rdfs:label "a preprint whose published version is in the data" ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:versionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom res:Work ] .
res:ResearchWork owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (
res:Work
[ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:workType ; owl:someValuesFrom res:ResearchType ]
[ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf res:TestRecord ]
[ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf res:RetractedWork ]
[ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf res:MergedPreprint ]
[ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:source ; owl:someValuesFrom res:DelistedSource ] ] ) ] .
res:AffiliatedInstitute owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:institutionType ; owl:hasValue res:itype-AFF ] .
res:CreditedAuthorship rdfs:subClassOf res:Authorship ;
rdfs:label "the authorship that credits a person's institution on a work: their highest affiliation sequence" .
# === Tiers ==================================================================================
res:tier-K3 res:tierRank 1 . res:tier-K2 res:tierRank 2 . res:tier-K1 res:tierRank 3 .
# === Rules (SHACL-AF), run in this order ====================================================
res:PersonRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Author ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 1 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:samePersonAs ?other }
WHERE { $this res:orcid ?o . ?other res:orcid ?o . FILTER (?other != $this) }""" ] .
res:WorkRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Work ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 1 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:countsAs ?w }
WHERE {
OPTIONAL { $this res:versionOf ?v . ?v a res:Work }
BIND (COALESCE(?v, $this) AS ?w)
}""" ] ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 2 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this a res:ResearchWork }
WHERE {
$this res:workType ?t ; res:retracted false ; res:source ?s .
VALUES ?t { res:wtype-ART res:wtype-REV res:wtype-SUP res:wtype-PPR }
FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this res:recordSource res:origin-STG }
FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?s res:tier res:tier-K0 }
FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this res:versionOf ?v . ?v a res:Work }
}""" ] .
res:InstitutionRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Institution ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 1 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:unitOf ?p }
WHERE { $this res:parent ?p FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this res:institutionType res:itype-AFF } }""" ] ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 2 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:countsTowards ?up }
WHERE { { BIND ($this AS ?up) } UNION { $this res:unitOf+ ?up } }""" ] ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 3 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:ultimateParent ?up }
WHERE { $this res:countsTowards ?up FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?up res:unitOf ?higher } }""" ] .
res:CreditRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Authorship ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 4 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this a res:CreditedAuthorship }
WHERE {
$this res:work ?w ; res:author ?a ; res:affiliationSeq ?seq .
FILTER NOT EXISTS {
?other res:work ?w ; res:author ?b ; res:affiliationSeq ?seq2 .
FILTER (?seq2 > ?seq && (?b = ?a || EXISTS { ?b res:samePersonAs ?a }))
}
}""" ] ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 5 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { ?w res:creditedInstitution ?up ; res:creditedCountry ?c }
WHERE {
$this a res:CreditedAuthorship ; res:work ?w ; res:institution ?i .
?i res:countsTowards ?up ; res:country ?c .
}""" ] .
res:PeopleRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Authorship ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 5 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { ?work res:hasPerson ?first }
WHERE {
$this res:work/res:countsAs ?work ; res:author ?a .
?first a res:Author .
FILTER (?first = ?a || EXISTS { ?a res:samePersonAs ?first })
FILTER (STR(?a) >= STR(?first))
FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?a res:samePersonAs ?x FILTER (STR(?x) < STR(?first)) }
}""" ] .
res:CitationRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Citation ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 6 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { ?citing res:cites ?cited }
WHERE {
$this res:citingWork ?c ; res:citedWork ?d .
?c res:countsAs ?citing ; res:retracted false .
?d res:countsAs ?cited .
FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?c res:recordSource res:origin-STG }
}""" ] .
# === Constraints (SHACL) ====================================================================
res:OneCreditShape a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:CreditedAuthorship ;
sh:sparql [ sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:message "a person credited to two institutions on one work" ; sh:select """
SELECT $this WHERE {
$this res:work ?w ; res:author ?a ; res:institution ?i .
?other a res:CreditedAuthorship ; res:work ?w ; res:author ?b ; res:institution ?j .
FILTER (?i != ?j && (?b = ?a || EXISTS { ?b res:samePersonAs ?a }))
}""" ] .
res:PreprintShape a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Work ;
sh:sparql [ sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:message "a version of a work that is not a preprint" ; sh:select """
SELECT $this WHERE { $this res:versionOf ?v . ?v a res:Work . FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this res:workType res:wtype-PPR } }""" ] .
```
## Questions
Answer each question below from the data above. Start each answer on a new line with its
number in bold, like **Q1.**, give the direct answer first, then at most two sentences of
reasoning that cite the records (IDs) you relied on.
Then end with one JSON block (```json) holding the structured answer to each question listed
here, with exactly these fields, shaped like {"Q1": {"field": value}, ...}. Name works, authors, institutions and sources by their record ID: the work_id, author_id, institution_id or source_id in the CSV files, or the part of the IRI after res: in the RDF (W01, A07, I02, S03; not their titles or names).
- Q1: count (a number)
- Q2: works (a list of record IDs)
- Q3: same ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q4: count (a number)
- Q5: same ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q6: author (a record ID)
- Q7: count (a number)
- Q8: parent (a record ID)
- Q9: count (a number)
- Q10: count (a number)
- Q11: count (a number)
- Q12: full (a number), fractional (a number)
- Q13: full (a record ID), fractional (a record ID)
- Q14: full (a number), fractional (a number)
- Q15: count (a number)
- Q16: count (a number)
- Q17: works (a list of record IDs)
- Q18: count (a number)
- Q19: count (a number)
- Q20: works (a list of record IDs)
- Q21: count (a number)
- Q22: more_in_total (a record ID), more_in_window (a record ID)
- Q23: total (a number), in_window (a number)
- Q24: count (a number)
- Q25: count (a number)
- Q26: counts ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q27: institution (a record ID), citing_works (a number)
- Q28: count (a number)
- Q29: author (a number), institution (a number), country (a number)
- Q30: count (a number)
- Q31: works (a list of record IDs)
- Q32: count (a number)
- Q33: work (a record ID)
- Q34: count (a number)
- Q35: count (a number)
- Q36: count (a number)
- Q37: institution (a record ID)
- Q38: institutions (a list of record IDs)
- Q39: count (a number)
- Q40: source (a record ID)
- Q41: higher ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q42: count (a number)
- Q43: research ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q44: institutions (a list of record IDs)
- Q45: count (a number)
- Q46: parent (a record ID)
Q1. How many distinct people do the author records named "Mara Ellison", "M. Ellison" and "Ellison, Mara J." stand for?
Q2. List every work, of any type, that Mara Ellison (A01) is an author of.
Q3. Is the Jonas Brandt who wrote W37 the same person as the Jonas Brandt who wrote W38?
Q4. How many research works has the Jonas Brandt of Albury Metropolitan University (A05) authored?
Q5. Is the M. Ellison who wrote W08 the same person as the Mara Ellison who wrote W01?
Q6. Which author has the most research works credited to the University of Albury, its units included?
Q7. How many research works has Mara Ellison authored?
Q8. What is the ultimate parent of the Tessel Laboratory for Ocean Sensing (I04)?
Q9. How many research works is the University of Albury (I02) credited with, its units included?
Q10. How many research works is the Albury University System (I01) credited with, all its units included?
Q11. How many research works is Kesting University (I07) credited with, its units included?
Q12. How many research works did Kesting University (I07, units included) publish in 2024, under full counting and under fractional counting (each work split equally among its authors)?
Q13. In 2024, which had more research works, Kesting University (I07) or Rostval Technical University (I09): under full counting, and under fractional counting?
Q14. How many research works did GB institutions publish in 2024, under full counting and under fractional counting (each work split equally among its authors, each author's share going to their institution's country)?
Q15. How many research works appeared in Ocean Sensing Letters (S02) in 2024?
Q16. How many research works appeared in the Journal of Marine Autonomy (S01)?
Q17. Which of Mara Ellison's works are not research output because of their document type?
Q18. How many distinct research works has Priya Ramanathan (A07) authored?
Q19. How many distinct works cite "Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar", in either of its versions?
Q20. Which works in the data are preprints of another work that is also in the data?
Q21. How many research works is Oskel Polytechnic (I14) credited with?
Q22. Which has more citations, W30 or W31 (counting both versions of each): in total, and within its publication year and the two years after?
Q23. How many citations has W30 received in total, and how many within its publication year and the two years after?
Q24. How many research works has Lena Vossberg (A09) authored?
Q25. What is the total of the citation counts of Lena Vossberg's research works?
Q26. Does W23 count towards Kesting University's research output?
Q27. Which other institution's works cite Kesting University's research works the most, each citing work counted once per institution, and how many of its works do?
Q28. How many distinct works from Rostval Technical University (I09) cite Kesting University's research works?
Q29. Of the works citing "Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar" (either version), how many are self-citations at the level of authors, of the University of Albury (units included), and of countries?
Q30. Of the works citing "Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar" (either version), how many are self-citations at the level of the Albury University System?
Q31. Which works cite at least one of the works that cite W01?
Q32. How many distinct works are within two citation hops of W01 (citing it, or citing a work that cites it)?
Q33. Which of Kesting University's research works has the most citations?
Q34. How many research works was Kesting University (units included) credited with in 2025?
Q35. How many research works is the Kesting Institute of Hydrodynamics (I08) credited with?
Q36. How many research works appeared in the Proceedings of the Hydrodynamics Forum (S06)?
Q37. Which institution is W70 credited to?
Q38. Which institutions is W71 credited to, at every level?
Q39. How many of the University of Albury's research works (units included) appeared in a source of the highest tier?
Q40. Which source is in the highest tier?
Q41. Is Coastal Engineering Review (S03) in a higher tier than Ocean Sensing Letters (S02)?
Q42. How many research works appeared in Global Marine Science Reports (S04)?
Q43. Is W07 research output?
Q44. Which institutions are part of the Albury University System, at any level below it?
Q45. How many research works is the Halloran Institute for Coastal Studies (I06) credited with?
Q46. What is the ultimate parent of the Halloran Institute for Coastal Studies (I06)?
Q47. Why do Kesting University and Rostval Technical University swap places in 2024 between full and fractional counting?
Q48. Why is W70 not one of the University of Albury's research works, though its author lists the Tessel Laboratory?
R9 csv+axioms+markdown (50932 characters)
<!-- system: You answer questions about a research-analytics dataset of works, authors, institutions, sources and citations. Use only the data you are given and what it tells you about its own meaning. If a question is ambiguous, or the data cannot settle it, say so. Be concise. -->
## The data
### institutions.csv
```csv
institution_id,name,ror,country,type,parent_id
I01,Albury University System,0hygr4985,GB,SYS,
I02,University of Albury,06safhw22,GB,UNI,I01
I03,Albury Centre for Marine Robotics,06a9yq342,GB,LAB,I02
I04,Tessel Laboratory for Ocean Sensing,0002ezf81,GB,LAB,I03
I05,Albury Metropolitan University,0ww7kxb57,GB,UNI,I01
I06,Halloran Institute for Coastal Studies,0175f3924,GB,AFF,I02
I07,Kesting University,0593t4875,DE,UNI,
I08,Kesting Institute of Hydrodynamics,0brjdg570,DE,LAB,I07
I09,Rostval Technical University,0k8rh7879,NL,UNI,
I10,Marrow Instruments BV,0t3x83535,NL,CO,
I11,Brevin Ocean Agency,0wvack776,FR,GOV,
I12,Université de Lorvain,091pt9775,FR,UNI,
I13,Dunmore College,095cwy722,GB,UNI,
I14,Oskel Polytechnic,06t6n5818,NL,UNI,
I15,Carrow State University,0v91gp428,US,UNI,
I16,Hoshimine Institute of Technology,06afa6f88,JP,UNI,
I17,Université de Mallois,0pshcv029,CA,UNI,
I18,Universidad de Ventolera,0ay9jr885,ES,UNI,
```
### authors.csv
```csv
author_id,name,orcid
A01,Mara Ellison,0000-0002-9841-6229
A02,M. Ellison,0000-0002-9841-6229
A03,"Ellison, Mara J.",0000-0002-9841-6229
A04,M. Ellison,0000-0004-8662-8360
A05,Jonas Brandt,0000-0001-6105-5008
A06,Jonas Brandt,0000-0007-5475-1779
A07,Priya Ramanathan,0000-0009-2298-3695
A08,Tomasz Wierzba,0000-0007-9318-6032
A09,Lena Vossberg,0000-0000-8073-7028
A10,Dirk Hallmann,0000-0003-8222-6468
A11,Sofie de Raat,0000-0006-1642-5247
A12,Pieter Maas,0000-0007-6472-5877
A13,Claire Fontanet,0000-0001-8841-3301
A14,Hugo Marchetti,0000-0007-5682-0525
A15,Aisha Okonjo,0000-0008-9831-9489
A16,Rhys Calloway,
A17,Ingrid Solberg,0000-0003-9494-8214
A18,Bram Kuipers,0000-0001-6210-5218
A19,Femke Hoogeveen,0000-0005-4914-5244
A20,Joost Verhaar,0000-0001-0646-0013
A21,Petra Lindqvist,0000-0000-4118-9557
A22,Niamh Corrigan,0000-0009-9065-9397
A30,Ana Aranda,0000-0006-1584-6450
A31,Ben Fujimura,0000-0006-0454-1465
A32,Chiara Kincaid,0000-0009-0853-8012
A33,Daichi Pruitt,0000-0009-1102-8594
A34,Elif Esposito,0000-0000-6925-6663
A35,Felipe Jaramillo,0000-0006-3228-0886
A36,Grace Olmedo,0000-0004-2300-4876
A37,Haruto Dorsey,0000-0004-5291-2808
A38,Ines Ishida,0000-0004-5850-0370
A39,Julien Nakagawa,0000-0003-8265-3845
A40,Kai Carver,0000-0003-5577-8794
A41,Lucia Hartwell,0000-0003-2627-0586
A42,Mateo Morrow,0000-0000-2145-8421
A43,Noor Beaulieu,0000-0000-8394-9066
A44,Oscar Galvez,0000-0008-8281-1265
A45,Paula Lefebvre,0000-0008-4409-3244
```
### sources.csv
```csv
source_id,name,issn,type,tier
S01,Journal of Marine Autonomy,9866-3925,JOU,K3
S02,Ocean Sensing Letters,3195-4973,JOU,K2
S03,Coastal Engineering Review,1154-9679,JOU,K1
S04,Global Marine Science Reports,8864-5325,JOU,K0
S05,OceanArXiv,,REP,
S06,Proceedings of the Hydrodynamics Forum,9804-2748,JOU,K2
S07,Journal of Estuarine Dynamics,1483-2835,JOU,K2
S08,Hydrology Notes,9832-2482,JOU,K1
```
### works.csv
```csv
work_id,title,year,type,source_id,doi,version_of,is_retracted,record_source
W01,Adaptive path planning for underwater gliders,2021,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2021.1465,,false,FEED
W02,Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar,2022,PPR,S05,10.55555/s05.2022.2911,W03,false,FEED
W03,Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar,2023,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2023.9437,,false,FEED
W04,Editorial: a new decade of marine autonomy,2023,EDT,S01,10.55555/s01.2023.1032,,false,FEED
W05,Erratum: Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar,2024,ERR,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.7136,,false,FEED
W06,Shoreline change detection from glider transects,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.2042,,false,FEED
W07,Low-cost sonar arrays for coastal monitoring,2020,ART,S04,10.55555/s04.2020.7029,,false,FEED
W08,Turbulent wake modelling behind tidal turbines,2025,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2025.5958,,false,FEED
W09,Issue information,2023,PTX,S01,10.55555/s01.2023.4542,,false,FEED
W10,Front matter,2024,PTX,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.9718,,false,FEED
W12,Sonar mosaics from glider fleets,2024,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.3526,,false,CRIS
W13,Fleet coordination for survey gliders,2024,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2024.5065,,false,FEED
W14,Harbour mapping with autonomous surface vessels,2025,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2025.3072,,false,FEED
W15,Low-cost sonar: a review,2025,REV,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.2741,,false,FEED
W16,Sonar-based wake detection,2025,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.6345,,false,FEED
W17,Acoustic positioning near the shore,2024,SUP,S06,10.55555/s06.2024.8939,,false,FEED
W18,Comparing sonar odometry methods,2022,PPR,S05,10.55555/s05.2022.2759,,false,FEED
W19,Glider-borne turbidity sensing,2025,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.2198,,false,CRIS
W20,Bed shear stress under breaking waves,2024,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2024.7245,,false,FEED
W21,A field campaign on tidal mixing,2024,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.5301,,false,FEED
W22,Turbulence closures for coastal models: a review,2024,REV,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.5939,,false,FEED
W23,Anomalous dissipation in estuarine plumes,2023,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2023.2925,,true,FEED
W24,Vortex shedding in shallow channels,2025,SUP,S06,10.55555/s06.2025.6698,,false,FEED
W27,Sensor fusion for moored buoys,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.8772,,false,FEED
W28,Calibration drift in conductivity sensors,2024,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.9171,,false,FEED
W29,Open hardware for ocean observation: a review,2024,REV,S01,10.55555/s01.2024.2981,,false,FEED
W30,Tidal stream resource maps for the Dunmore coast,2019,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2019.9502,,false,FEED
W31,Machine-learned tidal forecasts,2023,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2023.5047,,false,FEED
W32,Wave-current interaction over sandbars,2025,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2025.8470,,false,FEED
W33,Mixing efficiency in stratified tidal flows,2025,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.6654,,false,FEED
W34,Evaluating turbulence closures against flume data,2025,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2025.2352,,false,FEED
W35,Sediment resuspension by storms: a review,2025,REV,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.2131,,false,FEED
W36,Shear and mixing in a macrotidal estuary,2025,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2025.2439,,false,FEED
W37,Port traffic and seabed disturbance,2022,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2022.9107,,false,FEED
W38,Seagrass mapping from aerial imagery,2023,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2023.6112,,false,FEED
W39,Replicating dissipation estimates in plumes,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.5346,,false,FEED
W40,Energy budgets for long-range gliders,2022,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2022.4703,,false,FEED
W41,Path planning under uncertain currents,2023,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2023.3758,,false,FEED
W42,Machine-learned tidal forecasts,2023,PPR,S05,10.55555/s05.2023.6876,W31,false,FEED
W50,Battery ageing in autonomous platforms,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.6324,,false,FEED
W51,Benchmarks for marine path planners,2024,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2024.8087,,false,FEED
W52,Route optimisation for ocean drones,2025,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2025.9294,,false,FEED
W60,Remote sensing of dune erosion,2020,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2020.8236,,false,FEED
W61,Uncertainty in marsh accretion estimates,2022,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2022.2930,,false,FEED
W62,Seasonal variability in dune erosion,2023,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2023.5393,,false,FEED
W63,Seasonal variability in sediment flux,2024,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2024.8504,,false,FEED
W64,Remote sensing of internal waves,2025,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2025.7711,,false,FEED
W65,Observations of dune erosion,2024,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2024.6414,,false,FEED
W66,Remote sensing of wave runup,2025,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2025.5131,,false,FEED
W67,Seasonal variability in tidal asymmetry,2023,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2023.1192,,false,FEED
W70,Optical backscatter in turbid estuaries,2023,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2023.6434,,false,FEED
W71,Low-power optical sensors for gliders,2024,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2024.6287,,false,FEED
W72,Integrating optical sensors on survey gliders,2024,ART,S03,10.55555/s03.2024.9080,,false,FEED
W73,Saltmarsh retreat on the Halloran shore,2022,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2022.7603,,false,CRIS
W74,Coastal squeeze and managed realignment: a review,2023,REV,S01,10.55555/s01.2023.6139,,false,FEED
W75,Rip currents at tourist beaches,2023,ART,S04,10.55555/s04.2023.3895,,false,FEED
W76,Foreword to the Forum proceedings,2025,EDT,S06,10.55555/s06.2025.4219,,false,FEED
W90,Sediment transport in tidal inlets,2025,ART,S02,10.55555/s02.2025.8585,,false,STG
W91,Closure models for wave boundary layers,2025,ART,S01,10.55555/s01.2025.4607,,false,STG
W92,Coastal turbulence: a review,2025,REV,S03,10.55555/s03.2025.6710,,false,STG
W101,Long-term trends in estuarine salinity,2019,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.4427,,false,FEED
W102,Long-term trends in dune erosion,2023,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2023.1186,,false,FEED
W103,A model of harbour seiches,2020,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2020.2380,,false,FEED
W104,Remote sensing of wave runup,2019,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2019.6591,,false,FEED
W105,Seasonal variability in harbour seiches,2021,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2021.9028,,false,FEED
W106,Seasonal variability in harbour seiches: a review,2022,REV,S07,10.55555/s07.2022.7552,,false,FEED
W107,Observations of marsh accretion: a review,2019,REV,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.9349,,false,FEED
W108,Seasonal variability in tidal asymmetry,2021,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2021.9650,,false,FEED
W109,A model of river plumes,2019,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2019.5434,,false,FEED
W110,Editorial: beach profiles,2021,EDT,S07,10.55555/s07.2021.3358,,false,FEED
W111,Observations of storm surge,2025,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2025.5383,,false,FEED
W112,Observations of tidal asymmetry,2020,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2020.9946,,false,FEED
W113,Seasonal variability in coastal upwelling,2021,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2021.6316,,false,FEED
W114,Observations of estuarine salinity,2019,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.1460,,false,FEED
W115,Remote sensing of internal waves: a review,2025,REV,S08,10.55555/s08.2025.4950,,false,FEED
W116,A model of coastal upwelling,2022,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2022.6950,,false,FEED
W117,Uncertainty in beach profiles estimates,2024,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2024.4202,,false,FEED
W118,Long-term trends in internal waves,2025,ART,S07,10.55555/s07.2025.4335,,false,FEED
W119,A model of internal waves,2019,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.1156,,false,FEED
W120,Remote sensing of tidal asymmetry: a review,2021,REV,S07,10.55555/s07.2021.6881,,false,FEED
W121,Long-term trends in internal waves,2024,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2024.8676,,false,FEED
W122,Observations of storm surge,2025,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2025.1686,,false,FEED
W123,Editorial: river plumes,2023,EDT,S08,10.55555/s08.2023.3508,,false,FEED
W124,A model of coastal upwelling,2019,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2019.2165,,false,FEED
W125,Remote sensing of sediment flux,2024,ART,S08,10.55555/s08.2024.4906,,false,FEED
```
### authorships.csv
```csv
work_id,author_id,author_position,institution_id,affil_seq
W01,A01,1,I02,1
W01,A07,2,I03,1
W02,A02,1,I02,1
W02,A07,2,I03,1
W03,A03,1,I02,1
W03,A07,2,I03,1
W04,A01,1,I02,1
W05,A01,1,I02,1
W05,A07,2,I03,1
W06,A01,1,I02,1
W06,A15,2,I13,1
W07,A02,1,I02,1
W08,A04,1,I07,1
W12,A01,1,I02,1
W12,A16,2,I05,1
W13,A07,1,I03,1
W14,A05,1,I05,1
W15,A15,1,I13,1
W16,A04,1,I07,1
W17,A13,1,I11,1
W18,A11,1,I09,1
W19,A02,1,I02,1
W20,A09,1,I07,1
W20,A13,2,I11,1
W21,A10,1,I08,1
W21,A09,2,I07,1
W21,A11,3,I09,1
W21,A12,4,I10,1
W22,A09,1,I07,1
W23,A09,1,I07,1
W24,A10,1,I08,1
W27,A18,1,I09,1
W27,A13,2,I11,1
W27,A14,3,I12,1
W27,A17,4,I14,1
W28,A19,1,I09,1
W28,A15,2,I13,1
W28,A16,3,I05,1
W28,A06,4,I12,1
W29,A20,1,I09,1
W29,A16,2,I05,1
W29,A15,3,I13,1
W29,A13,4,I11,1
W30,A15,1,I13,1
W31,A17,1,I14,1
W32,A11,1,I09,1
W32,A18,2,I09,1
W32,A19,3,I09,1
W32,A20,4,I09,1
W33,A14,1,I12,1
W34,A06,1,I12,1
W35,A14,1,I12,1
W36,A13,1,I11,1
W37,A05,1,I05,1
W38,A06,1,I12,1
W39,A17,1,I14,1
W40,A11,1,I09,1
W41,A14,1,I12,1
W42,A17,1,I14,1
W50,A17,1,I14,1
W51,A12,1,I10,1
W52,A13,1,I11,1
W60,A34,1,I15,1
W61,A38,1,I15,1
W61,A35,2,I16,1
W62,A34,1,I15,1
W62,A38,2,I15,1
W63,A33,1,I18,1
W63,A34,2,I15,1
W63,A44,3,I17,1
W64,A40,1,I17,1
W65,A36,1,I17,1
W65,A45,2,I18,1
W65,A35,3,I16,1
W66,A38,1,I15,1
W67,A45,1,I18,1
W67,A35,2,I16,1
W70,A08,1,I04,1
W70,A08,1,I06,2
W71,A08,1,I06,1
W71,A08,1,I04,2
W72,A08,1,I04,1
W72,A07,2,I03,1
W73,A08,1,I06,1
W74,A22,1,I06,1
W75,A15,1,I13,1
W90,A21,1,I07,1
W91,A21,1,I07,1
W92,A21,1,I07,1
W101,A30,1,I15,1
W101,A42,2,I15,1
W102,A36,1,I17,1
W102,A38,2,I15,1
W102,A42,3,I15,1
W103,A35,1,I16,1
W103,A41,2,I18,1
W103,A34,3,I15,1
W104,A37,1,I18,1
W104,A44,2,I17,1
W104,A45,3,I18,1
W105,A31,1,I16,1
W105,A40,2,I17,1
W106,A38,1,I15,1
W106,A45,2,I18,1
W107,A32,1,I17,1
W107,A43,2,I16,1
W108,A35,1,I16,1
W108,A42,2,I15,1
W108,A34,3,I15,1
W109,A36,1,I17,1
W109,A42,2,I15,1
W109,A43,3,I16,1
W110,A34,1,I15,1
W111,A34,1,I15,1
W112,A45,1,I18,1
W112,A44,2,I17,1
W113,A43,1,I16,1
W113,A32,2,I17,1
W114,A38,1,I15,1
W114,A35,2,I16,1
W114,A42,3,I15,1
W115,A35,1,I16,1
W116,A44,1,I17,1
W116,A43,2,I16,1
W117,A36,1,I17,1
W118,A35,1,I16,1
W119,A41,1,I18,1
W119,A36,2,I17,1
W120,A37,1,I18,1
W121,A32,1,I17,1
W121,A37,2,I18,1
W122,A32,1,I17,1
W123,A45,1,I18,1
W123,A38,2,I15,1
W123,A30,3,I15,1
W124,A31,1,I16,1
W125,A37,1,I18,1
W125,A36,2,I17,1
```
### citations.csv
```csv
citing_work_id,cited_work_id
W12,W03
W13,W03
W14,W03
W15,W02
W15,W03
W16,W03
W17,W03
W18,W02
W32,W20
W33,W21
W34,W22
W35,W20
W36,W20
W36,W21
W39,W23
W40,W01
W41,W01
W50,W40
W51,W40
W51,W41
W52,W41
W60,W30
W61,W30
W62,W30
W62,W31
W63,W30
W64,W30
W65,W31
W66,W31
W67,W42
W90,W22
W90,W41
W91,W22
W92,W22
W103,W60
W103,W101
W104,W101
W105,W60
W106,W61
W106,W104
W107,W101
W107,W104
W108,W60
W108,W101
W108,W104
W109,W101
W109,W104
W110,W60
W111,W64
W111,W104
W111,W107
W113,W110
W114,W104
W115,W114
W116,W104
W118,W66
W118,W106
W119,W109
W119,W114
W120,W108
W120,W112
W121,W112
W121,W113
W123,W60
W123,W101
W124,W101
W124,W107
W124,W114
W125,W61
W125,W105
W125,W108
```
### ontology.ttl, without its definitions (the vocabulary the data uses)
The codes in the CSV files are the skos:notation values of the concepts below.
```turtle
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix res: <https://example.org/research/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
res:Author a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Author" .
res:Authorship a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Authorship" .
res:Citation a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Citation" .
res:Institution a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Institution" .
res:Source a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Source" .
res:Work a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Work" .
res:affiliationSeq a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "affiliation sequence" .
res:author a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "author" .
res:authorPosition a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "author position" .
res:citedWork a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "cited work" .
res:citingWork a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "citing work" .
res:country a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "country" .
res:doi a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "DOI" .
res:institution a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "institution" .
res:institutionType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "institution type" .
res:issn a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "ISSN" .
res:itype-AFF a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Affiliated institute" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "AFF" ;
skos:prefLabel "Affiliated institute" .
res:itype-CO a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Company" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "CO" ;
skos:prefLabel "Company" .
res:itype-GOV a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Government body" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "GOV" ;
skos:prefLabel "Government body" .
res:itype-LAB a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Lab or centre" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "LAB" ;
skos:prefLabel "Laboratory, centre or institute" .
res:itype-SYS a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "University system" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "SYS" ;
skos:prefLabel "University system" .
res:itype-UNI a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "University" ;
skos:inScheme res:InstitutionTypes ;
skos:notation "UNI" ;
skos:prefLabel "University" .
res:name a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "name" .
res:ontology a owl:Ontology ;
rdfs:label "Research analytics: a teaching ontology" ;
owl:versionInfo "0.1" .
res:orcid a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "ORCID" .
res:origin-CRIS a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Institutional system" ;
skos:inScheme res:RecordSources ;
skos:notation "CRIS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Institutional research information system" .
res:origin-FEED a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Bibliographic feed" ;
skos:inScheme res:RecordSources ;
skos:notation "FEED" ;
skos:prefLabel "Bibliographic feed" .
res:origin-STG a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Staging" ;
skos:inScheme res:RecordSources ;
skos:notation "STG" ;
skos:prefLabel "Staging load" .
res:parent a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "parent" .
res:recordSource a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "record source" .
res:retracted a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "retracted" .
res:ror a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "ROR ID" .
res:source a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "source" .
res:sourceType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "source type" .
res:stype-JOU a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Journal" ;
skos:inScheme res:SourceTypes ;
skos:notation "JOU" ;
skos:prefLabel "Journal" .
res:stype-REP a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Repository" ;
skos:inScheme res:SourceTypes ;
skos:notation "REP" ;
skos:prefLabel "Repository" .
res:tier a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "tier" .
res:tier-K0 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Delisted" ;
skos:inScheme res:Tiers ;
skos:notation "K0" ;
skos:prefLabel "Delisted source" .
res:tier-K1 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Tier K1" ;
skos:inScheme res:Tiers ;
skos:notation "K1" ;
skos:prefLabel "Tier K1, the lowest" .
res:tier-K2 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Tier K2" ;
skos:inScheme res:Tiers ;
skos:notation "K2" ;
skos:prefLabel "Tier K2, the middle" .
res:tier-K3 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Tier K3" ;
skos:inScheme res:Tiers ;
skos:notation "K3" ;
skos:prefLabel "Tier K3, the highest" .
res:title a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "title" .
res:versionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "version of" .
res:work a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "work" .
res:workType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "work type" .
res:wtype-ART a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Article" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "ART" ;
skos:prefLabel "Research article" .
res:wtype-EDT a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Editorial" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "EDT" ;
skos:prefLabel "Editorial" .
res:wtype-ERR a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Erratum" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "ERR" ;
skos:prefLabel "Erratum" .
res:wtype-PPR a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Preprint" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "PPR" ;
skos:prefLabel "Preprint" .
res:wtype-PTX a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Paratext" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "PTX" ;
skos:prefLabel "Paratext" .
res:wtype-REV a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Review" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "REV" ;
skos:prefLabel "Review article" .
res:wtype-SUP a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:label "Supplement article" ;
skos:inScheme res:WorkTypes ;
skos:notation "SUP" ;
skos:prefLabel "Supplement article" .
res:year a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "publication year" .
res:SourceTypes a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Source types" .
res:RecordSources a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Record sources" .
res:Tiers a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Journal tiers" .
res:InstitutionTypes a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Institution types" .
res:WorkTypes a skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdfs:label "Work types" .
```
### axioms.ttl (OWL axioms and SHACL rules over the vocabulary)
```turtle
@prefix res: <https://example.org/research/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
<https://example.org/research/axioms> a owl:Ontology ;
rdfs:label "Research analytics: axioms and rules" ;
owl:imports <https://example.org/research/ontology> ;
sh:declare [ sh:prefix "res" ; sh:namespace "https://example.org/research/"^^xsd:anyURI ] .
# === Classes and properties =================================================================
res:Work a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Work" .
res:Author a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Author" ; owl:hasKey ( res:orcid ) .
res:Institution a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Institution" .
res:Source a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Source" .
res:Authorship a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Authorship" .
res:Citation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Citation" .
[ a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( res:Work res:Author res:Institution res:Source res:Authorship res:Citation ) ] .
res:name a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string .
res:ror a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution .
res:country a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range xsd:string .
res:institutionType a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:parent a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range res:Institution ;
rdfs:comment "as the record gives it; see res:unitOf" .
res:orcid a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Author ; rdfs:range xsd:string .
res:issn a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Source .
res:sourceType a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Source ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:tier a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Source ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:title a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work .
res:year a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range xsd:gYear .
res:workType a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:source a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Source .
res:doi a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work .
res:versionOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Work .
res:retracted a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean .
res:recordSource a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range skos:Concept .
res:work a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range res:Work .
res:author a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range res:Author .
res:authorPosition a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range xsd:integer .
res:institution a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range res:Institution .
res:affiliationSeq a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Authorship ; rdfs:range xsd:integer .
res:citingWork a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Citation ; rdfs:range res:Work .
res:citedWork a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Citation ; rdfs:range res:Work .
# Derived by the rules below.
res:samePersonAs a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:sameAs ;
rdfs:domain res:Author ; rdfs:range res:Author .
res:countsAs a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Work ;
rdfs:label "the work this record counts as: its published version, or itself" .
res:unitOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range res:Institution ;
rdfs:label "a unit of, to any depth" .
res:countsTowards a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:ReflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range res:Institution ;
rdfs:label "an institution's works also count towards: itself and every institution it is a unit of" .
res:ultimateParent a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Institution ; rdfs:range res:Institution .
res:creditedInstitution a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Institution ;
rdfs:label "an institution credited on the work, its units' parents included" .
res:creditedCountry a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range xsd:string .
res:hasPerson a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Author ;
rdfs:label "an author record on the work (any of its records), one per person: the person's lowest record ID" .
res:cites a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:Work ; rdfs:range res:Work ;
rdfs:label "a citation that counts, between the works the records count as" .
res:tierRank a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain skos:Concept ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
rdfs:label "a tier's rank, 1 the highest" .
# === Codes as classes =======================================================================
res:TestRecord owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:recordSource ; owl:hasValue res:origin-STG ] .
res:ResearchType owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( res:wtype-ART res:wtype-REV res:wtype-SUP res:wtype-PPR ) ] .
res:DelistedSource owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:tier ; owl:hasValue res:tier-K0 ] .
res:RetractedWork owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:retracted ; owl:hasValue true ] .
res:MergedPreprint rdfs:label "a preprint whose published version is in the data" ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:versionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom res:Work ] .
res:ResearchWork owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (
res:Work
[ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:workType ; owl:someValuesFrom res:ResearchType ]
[ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf res:TestRecord ]
[ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf res:RetractedWork ]
[ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf res:MergedPreprint ]
[ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:source ; owl:someValuesFrom res:DelistedSource ] ] ) ] .
res:AffiliatedInstitute owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:institutionType ; owl:hasValue res:itype-AFF ] .
res:CreditedAuthorship rdfs:subClassOf res:Authorship ;
rdfs:label "the authorship that credits a person's institution on a work: their highest affiliation sequence" .
# === Tiers ==================================================================================
res:tier-K3 res:tierRank 1 . res:tier-K2 res:tierRank 2 . res:tier-K1 res:tierRank 3 .
# === Rules (SHACL-AF), run in this order ====================================================
res:PersonRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Author ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 1 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:samePersonAs ?other }
WHERE { $this res:orcid ?o . ?other res:orcid ?o . FILTER (?other != $this) }""" ] .
res:WorkRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Work ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 1 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:countsAs ?w }
WHERE {
OPTIONAL { $this res:versionOf ?v . ?v a res:Work }
BIND (COALESCE(?v, $this) AS ?w)
}""" ] ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 2 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this a res:ResearchWork }
WHERE {
$this res:workType ?t ; res:retracted false ; res:source ?s .
VALUES ?t { res:wtype-ART res:wtype-REV res:wtype-SUP res:wtype-PPR }
FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this res:recordSource res:origin-STG }
FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?s res:tier res:tier-K0 }
FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this res:versionOf ?v . ?v a res:Work }
}""" ] .
res:InstitutionRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Institution ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 1 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:unitOf ?p }
WHERE { $this res:parent ?p FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this res:institutionType res:itype-AFF } }""" ] ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 2 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:countsTowards ?up }
WHERE { { BIND ($this AS ?up) } UNION { $this res:unitOf+ ?up } }""" ] ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 3 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this res:ultimateParent ?up }
WHERE { $this res:countsTowards ?up FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?up res:unitOf ?higher } }""" ] .
res:CreditRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Authorship ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 4 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { $this a res:CreditedAuthorship }
WHERE {
$this res:work ?w ; res:author ?a ; res:affiliationSeq ?seq .
FILTER NOT EXISTS {
?other res:work ?w ; res:author ?b ; res:affiliationSeq ?seq2 .
FILTER (?seq2 > ?seq && (?b = ?a || EXISTS { ?b res:samePersonAs ?a }))
}
}""" ] ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 5 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { ?w res:creditedInstitution ?up ; res:creditedCountry ?c }
WHERE {
$this a res:CreditedAuthorship ; res:work ?w ; res:institution ?i .
?i res:countsTowards ?up ; res:country ?c .
}""" ] .
res:PeopleRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Authorship ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 5 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { ?work res:hasPerson ?first }
WHERE {
$this res:work/res:countsAs ?work ; res:author ?a .
?first a res:Author .
FILTER (?first = ?a || EXISTS { ?a res:samePersonAs ?first })
FILTER (STR(?a) >= STR(?first))
FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?a res:samePersonAs ?x FILTER (STR(?x) < STR(?first)) }
}""" ] .
res:CitationRule a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Citation ;
sh:rule [ a sh:SPARQLRule ; sh:order 6 ; sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:construct """
CONSTRUCT { ?citing res:cites ?cited }
WHERE {
$this res:citingWork ?c ; res:citedWork ?d .
?c res:countsAs ?citing ; res:retracted false .
?d res:countsAs ?cited .
FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?c res:recordSource res:origin-STG }
}""" ] .
# === Constraints (SHACL) ====================================================================
res:OneCreditShape a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:CreditedAuthorship ;
sh:sparql [ sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:message "a person credited to two institutions on one work" ; sh:select """
SELECT $this WHERE {
$this res:work ?w ; res:author ?a ; res:institution ?i .
?other a res:CreditedAuthorship ; res:work ?w ; res:author ?b ; res:institution ?j .
FILTER (?i != ?j && (?b = ?a || EXISTS { ?b res:samePersonAs ?a }))
}""" ] .
res:PreprintShape a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass res:Work ;
sh:sparql [ sh:prefixes <https://example.org/research/axioms> ; sh:message "a version of a work that is not a preprint" ; sh:select """
SELECT $this WHERE { $this res:versionOf ?v . ?v a res:Work . FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this res:workType res:wtype-PPR } }""" ] .
```
### ontology.md (the vocabulary the data uses)
# Research analytics: a teaching ontology
Works, authors, institutions, sources, authorships, citations and the codes the data uses, each with a definition that states what it means and how to count it. Invented for an experiment; not a model of any real bibliographic database.
## Classes
### Work
A record of something published: an article, review, preprint, editorial, erratum or piece of paratext (work type). Not every work is research output. A research work is a work that (1) is not a test record (see Staging (STG)), (2) is of a research type: an article (ART), a review (REV), a supplement article (SUP) or a preprint (PPR), (3) is not retracted (retracted), and (4) did not appear in a delisted source (Delisted (K0)). Editorials, errata and paratext are never research output. A preprint and its published version (version of) are two records of one research work and count once, under the published version (its year and its source). Every count of works means research works, and citations are counted to research works, unless a question says otherwise.
### Author
An author record: one person as one source spelled them. A person is identified by their ORCID (ORCID), not by their name or record ID. The same person can appear as several author records with differently spelled names: records with the same ORCID are the same person, and every work recorded against any of them is that person's. Two records with the same name and different ORCIDs are different people. A record with no ORCID is a person of its own.
### Institution
An organisation that authors are affiliated with: a university system, university, lab, company, government body or affiliated institute (institution type). Institutions form a hierarchy through parent: a lab can sit under a centre, under a university, under a university system. A work credited to a unit is also credited to every institution above it, to any depth, so counting an institution's works means counting the works of the institution and all its units, each work once. The exception is an affiliated institute (Affiliated institute (AFF)): its parent link does not make it a unit.
### Source
Where a work appeared: a journal or a repository (source type).
### Authorship
One author's place on one work, and one of the institutions they gave for it: one record per author, work and affiliation. An author who gave two affiliations on a work has two authorship records for it, with the same author position and different affiliation sequence. Which one counts is set by affiliation sequence.
### Citation
One work citing another: citing work lists cited work among its references. A citation happens in the citing work's year. A work's citation count is the number of distinct works, of any type, that cite it, leaving out test records (Staging (STG)) and retracted works. A work citing both a preprint and its published version is one citation of that research work. Citation counts for an author, institution or country add up the counts of their research works. When citations are rolled up to the citing side (which institution or country cites another most), each citing work counts once for each institution credited on it, however many of its authors are from that institution. A self-citation depends on the level: an author self-citation is one where the citing and cited works share at least one author (the same person, whatever the record); an institution self-citation is one where they share a credited institution at the level asked about; a country self-citation is one where they share a country of credited institutions. Each level includes the one below it, so the three are different counts. A citation window counts only the citations made in the cited work's publication year and a given number of years after it, so that older and newer works are compared over the same span.
## Properties
### name (CSV column `name`)
The name of an institution, author or source as the record spells it. Names are not identifiers: the same person can be spelled differently, and different people can share a name.
### ROR ID (CSV column `ror`)
The institution's Research Organization Registry identifier (invented here).
### country (CSV column `country`)
ISO code of the country where the institution is. A work's countries are the countries of the institutions credited on it (see affiliation sequence), not of every affiliation listed.
### institution type (CSV column `type`)
What kind of institution it is: a concept of the scheme Institution types.
### parent (CSV column `parent_id`)
The institution this one is a unit of. Follow it upwards, to any depth, to find the institutions a work is also credited to; the ultimate parent is the institution at the top of the chain, the one with no parent. For an affiliated institute (Affiliated institute (AFF)) the link records an agreement, not membership: do not follow it.
### ORCID (CSV column `orcid`)
The person's ORCID identifier (invented here): the identifier that says which person an author record stands for. Same ORCID, same person.
### ISSN (CSV column `issn`)
The journal's ISSN (invented here). Repositories have none.
### source type (CSV column `type`)
Whether the source is a journal or a repository: a concept of the scheme Source types.
### tier (CSV column `tier`)
The source's tier on this dataset's own journal list: a concept of the scheme Journal tiers. The tiers count upwards: K3 is the highest tier and K1 the lowest; K0 is not a tier but a delisting. Repositories have no tier.
### title (CSV column `title`)
The work's title. A preprint and its published version often share a title; two works with the same title are not the same work unless version of links them.
### publication year (CSV column `year`)
The year the work was published. A citation's year is the citing work's publication year.
### work type (CSV column `type`)
What kind of work it is: a concept of the scheme Work types. It decides whether the work is research output (see Work).
### source (CSV column `source_id`)
The journal or repository the work appeared in.
### DOI (CSV column `doi`)
The work's DOI (invented here). A preprint and its published version have different DOIs, though they are one research work.
### version of (CSV column `version_of`)
Set on a preprint whose published version is also in the data: it names that published version. The two records are one research work, counted once, under the published version; the authors, institutions and citations of either record belong to that one work.
### retracted (CSV column `is_retracted`)
True if the work has been retracted. A retracted work is not research output: leave it out of every count of works, and its citations out of every count of citations.
### record source (CSV column `record_source`)
The system the work record was loaded from: a concept of the scheme Record sources.
### work (CSV column `work_id`)
The work the authorship is on.
### author (CSV column `author_id`)
The author record: see Author for which person it stands for.
### author position (CSV column `author_position`)
The author's place in the byline, from 1. The number of a work's authors is the number of distinct people in its byline.
### institution (CSV column `institution_id`)
An institution the author gave on this work.
### affiliation sequence (CSV column `affil_seq`)
The order in which the author listed their affiliations on this work, from 1. House rule: when an author lists several affiliations on one work, the work is credited only to the affiliation listed last, the one with the highest sequence number, for that author; the others are ignored in every count. With one affiliation, that one is credited. Under full counting, a work counts once for each institution credited on it (and for the institutions above it). Under fractional counting, a work is split equally among its authors (distinct people), and each author's share goes to the one institution credited for them, and so to its country; an institution's fractional count adds up the shares of its own authors and its units' authors.
### citing work (CSV column `citing_work_id`)
The work that makes the citation.
### cited work (CSV column `cited_work_id`)
The work that is cited.
## Codes
The codes as they appear in the data, grouped by list.
### Work types
- **ART**, Research article: A peer-reviewed research article. Research output.
- **REV**, Review article: A peer-reviewed article that surveys a field. Research output.
- **SUP**, Supplement article: In this dataset, SUP does not mean supplementary material. It is a full, peer-reviewed research article published in a supplement issue of a journal, such as a proceedings supplement. It is research output and counts exactly like an article (ART).
- **PPR**, Preprint: A version posted to a repository before or without peer review. Research output, but if its published version is in the data (version of), the two are one research work, counted once.
- **EDT**, Editorial: An editor's introduction or opinion piece. Not research output.
- **ERR**, Erratum: A correction notice for an earlier work. Not research output, and not a new version of the work it corrects.
- **PTX**, Paratext: Front matter, issue information, tables of contents and the like: published with a journal issue, but not a contribution. Not research output.
### Institution types
- **SYS**, University system: A group of universities under one governing body. Its works are the works of all its universities and their units.
- **UNI**, University: A university or college.
- **LAB**, Laboratory, centre or institute: A research unit inside its parent institution. Its works are also its parent's works, and its parent's parent's, to the top.
- **AFF**, Affiliated institute: A legally independent institute linked to a university by an agreement. Its parent link records that agreement and nothing more: an affiliated institute is not a unit of its parent, is not part of the parent's system, and its works are never credited to the parent or to anything above it. Its ultimate parent is itself.
- **CO**, Company: A company.
- **GOV**, Government body: A government agency or laboratory.
### Source types
- **JOU**, Journal: A peer-reviewed journal, including its proceedings or supplement issues.
- **REP**, Repository: A preprint server or other repository.
### Journal tiers
- **K3**, Tier K3, the highest: The highest tier: the journals the list ranks first. A higher number is a higher tier, so K3 ranks above K2, and K2 above K1.
- **K2**, Tier K2, the middle: The middle tier: below K3, above K1.
- **K1**, Tier K1, the lowest: The lowest tier that is still listed: below K2.
- **K0**, Delisted source: Not a tier: a source removed from the list for failing its review of editorial practice. Works that appeared in a K0 source are not research output, whatever their type, and are left out of every count of works and citations.
### Record sources
- **FEED**, Bibliographic feed: Loaded from the external bibliographic feed.
- **CRIS**, Institutional research information system: Entered by an institution in its own research information system. As good as a feed record.
- **STG**, Staging load: Test records, loaded into staging to check the import and never removed. They describe no real work: ignore an STG work, its authorships and every citation it makes, in every count.
## Questions
Answer each question below from the data above. Start each answer on a new line with its
number in bold, like **Q1.**, give the direct answer first, then at most two sentences of
reasoning that cite the records (IDs) you relied on.
Then end with one JSON block (```json) holding the structured answer to each question listed
here, with exactly these fields, shaped like {"Q1": {"field": value}, ...}. Name works, authors, institutions and sources by their record ID: the work_id, author_id, institution_id or source_id in the CSV files, or the part of the IRI after res: in the RDF (W01, A07, I02, S03; not their titles or names).
- Q1: count (a number)
- Q2: works (a list of record IDs)
- Q3: same ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q4: count (a number)
- Q5: same ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q6: author (a record ID)
- Q7: count (a number)
- Q8: parent (a record ID)
- Q9: count (a number)
- Q10: count (a number)
- Q11: count (a number)
- Q12: full (a number), fractional (a number)
- Q13: full (a record ID), fractional (a record ID)
- Q14: full (a number), fractional (a number)
- Q15: count (a number)
- Q16: count (a number)
- Q17: works (a list of record IDs)
- Q18: count (a number)
- Q19: count (a number)
- Q20: works (a list of record IDs)
- Q21: count (a number)
- Q22: more_in_total (a record ID), more_in_window (a record ID)
- Q23: total (a number), in_window (a number)
- Q24: count (a number)
- Q25: count (a number)
- Q26: counts ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q27: institution (a record ID), citing_works (a number)
- Q28: count (a number)
- Q29: author (a number), institution (a number), country (a number)
- Q30: count (a number)
- Q31: works (a list of record IDs)
- Q32: count (a number)
- Q33: work (a record ID)
- Q34: count (a number)
- Q35: count (a number)
- Q36: count (a number)
- Q37: institution (a record ID)
- Q38: institutions (a list of record IDs)
- Q39: count (a number)
- Q40: source (a record ID)
- Q41: higher ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q42: count (a number)
- Q43: research ("yes", "no" or "depends")
- Q44: institutions (a list of record IDs)
- Q45: count (a number)
- Q46: parent (a record ID)
Q1. How many distinct people do the author records named "Mara Ellison", "M. Ellison" and "Ellison, Mara J." stand for?
Q2. List every work, of any type, that Mara Ellison (A01) is an author of.
Q3. Is the Jonas Brandt who wrote W37 the same person as the Jonas Brandt who wrote W38?
Q4. How many research works has the Jonas Brandt of Albury Metropolitan University (A05) authored?
Q5. Is the M. Ellison who wrote W08 the same person as the Mara Ellison who wrote W01?
Q6. Which author has the most research works credited to the University of Albury, its units included?
Q7. How many research works has Mara Ellison authored?
Q8. What is the ultimate parent of the Tessel Laboratory for Ocean Sensing (I04)?
Q9. How many research works is the University of Albury (I02) credited with, its units included?
Q10. How many research works is the Albury University System (I01) credited with, all its units included?
Q11. How many research works is Kesting University (I07) credited with, its units included?
Q12. How many research works did Kesting University (I07, units included) publish in 2024, under full counting and under fractional counting (each work split equally among its authors)?
Q13. In 2024, which had more research works, Kesting University (I07) or Rostval Technical University (I09): under full counting, and under fractional counting?
Q14. How many research works did GB institutions publish in 2024, under full counting and under fractional counting (each work split equally among its authors, each author's share going to their institution's country)?
Q15. How many research works appeared in Ocean Sensing Letters (S02) in 2024?
Q16. How many research works appeared in the Journal of Marine Autonomy (S01)?
Q17. Which of Mara Ellison's works are not research output because of their document type?
Q18. How many distinct research works has Priya Ramanathan (A07) authored?
Q19. How many distinct works cite "Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar", in either of its versions?
Q20. Which works in the data are preprints of another work that is also in the data?
Q21. How many research works is Oskel Polytechnic (I14) credited with?
Q22. Which has more citations, W30 or W31 (counting both versions of each): in total, and within its publication year and the two years after?
Q23. How many citations has W30 received in total, and how many within its publication year and the two years after?
Q24. How many research works has Lena Vossberg (A09) authored?
Q25. What is the total of the citation counts of Lena Vossberg's research works?
Q26. Does W23 count towards Kesting University's research output?
Q27. Which other institution's works cite Kesting University's research works the most, each citing work counted once per institution, and how many of its works do?
Q28. How many distinct works from Rostval Technical University (I09) cite Kesting University's research works?
Q29. Of the works citing "Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar" (either version), how many are self-citations at the level of authors, of the University of Albury (units included), and of countries?
Q30. Of the works citing "Drift-aware mapping with low-cost sonar" (either version), how many are self-citations at the level of the Albury University System?
Q31. Which works cite at least one of the works that cite W01?
Q32. How many distinct works are within two citation hops of W01 (citing it, or citing a work that cites it)?
Q33. Which of Kesting University's research works has the most citations?
Q34. How many research works was Kesting University (units included) credited with in 2025?
Q35. How many research works is the Kesting Institute of Hydrodynamics (I08) credited with?
Q36. How many research works appeared in the Proceedings of the Hydrodynamics Forum (S06)?
Q37. Which institution is W70 credited to?
Q38. Which institutions is W71 credited to, at every level?
Q39. How many of the University of Albury's research works (units included) appeared in a source of the highest tier?
Q40. Which source is in the highest tier?
Q41. Is Coastal Engineering Review (S03) in a higher tier than Ocean Sensing Letters (S02)?
Q42. How many research works appeared in Global Marine Science Reports (S04)?
Q43. Is W07 research output?
Q44. Which institutions are part of the Albury University System, at any level below it?
Q45. How many research works is the Halloran Institute for Coastal Studies (I06) credited with?
Q46. What is the ultimate parent of the Halloran Institute for Coastal Studies (I06)?
Q47. Why do Kesting University and Rostval Technical University swap places in 2024 between full and fractional counting?
Q48. Why is W70 not one of the University of Albury's research works, though its author lists the Tessel Laboratory?
The report, as report.md
research: claude:sonnet, 2026-11-06 08:55
48 questions, 5 repeats per condition. Correct = 1, partial = ½. Graded by code where a question has a typed key, by claude:sonnet with a checklist otherwise.
Accuracy
| Condition | Accuracy | 95% interval | Questions unstable across repeats |
|---|---|---|---|
R8 csv+axioms |
97% | 92% to 100% | 2 of 48 |
R9 csv+axioms+markdown |
98% | 93% to 100% | 1 of 48 |
Against R8 csv+axioms, question by question
| Condition | Difference | 95% interval |
|---|---|---|
R9 csv+axioms+markdown |
+1 points | +0 to +3 |
By question
| Question | Graded by | R8 csv+axioms |
R9 csv+axioms+markdown |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | code | ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ | ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ |
| Q2 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q3 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q4 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q5 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q6 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q7 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q8 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q9 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q10 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q11 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q12 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q13 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q14 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q15 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q16 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q17 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q18 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q19 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q20 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q21 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q22 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q23 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q24 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q25 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q26 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q27 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q28 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q29 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q30 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q31 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q32 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q33 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q34 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q35 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q36 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q37 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q38 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q39 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q40 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q41 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q42 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q43 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q44 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q45 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q46 | code | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
| Q47 | llm | 🟡 🟡 🟡 🟡 ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ 🟡 ✅ |
| Q48 | llm | 🟡 ✅ 🟡 ✅ ✅ | ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ |
Lists, with partial credit
The 6 questions answered with a list of entities: strict accuracy (the whole list right) against the mean F1 of the lists given, which credits a list that is nearly right.
| Condition | Strict | Mean F1 |
|---|---|---|
R8 csv+axioms |
100% | 100% |
R9 csv+axioms+markdown |
100% | 100% |
The checklist grader agreed with itself on 17 of 20 answers graded twice.
Why each miss was marked
Q1. How many distinct people do the author records named "Mara Ellison", "M. Ellison" and "Ellison, Mara J." stand for?
- R8
csv+axiomsrun 1: count: expected 2, got 1 - R8
csv+axiomsrun 2: count: expected 2, got 1 - R8
csv+axiomsrun 3: count: expected 2, got 1 - R8
csv+axiomsrun 4: count: expected 2, got 1 - R8
csv+axiomsrun 5: count: expected 2, got 1 - R9
csv+axioms+markdownrun 1: count: expected 2, got 1 - R9
csv+axioms+markdownrun 2: count: expected 2, got 1 - R9
csv+axioms+markdownrun 3: count: expected 2, got 1 - R9
csv+axioms+markdownrun 4: count: expected 2, got 1 - R9
csv+axioms+markdownrun 5: count: expected 2, got 1
Q47. Why do Kesting University and Rostval Technical University swap places in 2024 between full and fractional counting?
- R8
csv+axiomsrun 1: Gives the quarter-share point for Rostval (I09) and Kesting's larger shares including sole-author W22, but omits that Kesting holds half of W20 and W21. - R8
csv+axiomsrun 2: Gives the quarter-share point for Rostval (I09) but doesn't say W22 is single-author or that Kesting holds half of W20 and W21; it only says 'fewer co-authors'. - R8
csv+axiomsrun 3: Gives Rostval's four-author quarter shares (1.0 total) and notes W22 single-author for Kesting, but omits Kesting's half shares of W20 and W21; the 2.0 total is only partly explained. - R8
csv+axiomsrun 4: Correctly gives Rostval's quarter-shares, but the Kesting side omits W21's half-share, so its total of 2 doesn't follow from the works it cites (1 + 0.5 = 1.5). - R9
csv+axioms+markdownrun 4: Rostval's quarter-share per work is correct (four authors, one from Rostval), but Kesting's shares are only partly given: W22 sole-authored and W20 half are mentioned, W21 half is missing.
Q48. Why is W70 not one of the University of Albury's research works, though its author lists the Tessel Laboratory?
- R8
csv+axiomsrun 1: Says the last-sequence affiliation counts and that the affiliated institute doesn't roll up to Albury, but does not name the Halloran Institute explicitly (only I06), and the Tessel Laboratory point is not addressed; mostly meets both points. - R8
csv+axiomsrun 3: Correctly says the last-listed (highest sequence) affiliation counts, so W70 goes to I06, and that I06 is an affiliated institute not rolling up to I02; but it doesn't state it as the Halloran Institute / not a unit explicitly in names, and uses IDs only. Substantively it meets both points, so this is a lenient partial.